Revisional notes on the genus Agelosus Sharp, 1889 from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina).

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An Immature Dermapteran Misidentified as an Adult Zorapteran: The Case of Formosozoros newi Chao & Chen, 2000.

Zoraptera shows extreme uniformity in general body morphology, with the exception of Formosozoros (=Zorotypus) newi Chao & Chen, 2000, which stands out in terms of the shape and arrangement of its legs, the cerci, and several other morphological characters. After critical evaluation, we found that this species is not a zorapteran but is instead a nymph (1st instar) of an earwig; i.e., F. newi is a dermapteran. Because of the lack of morphological descriptions of Dermaptera nymphs that would allow species identification, and because the type material of F. newi is lost, a more detailed classification is not possible. We therefore propose that the genus name Formosozoros Chao & Chen, 2000 and the species name Formosozoros newi Chao & Chen, 2000 are nomina dubia.

The Dung Beetle Oxyomus of Taiwan (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Review of the Fauna, a New Species and its Larva Associated by DNA Barcoding.

The Taiwanese fauna of the dung beetle genus Oxyomus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) is reviewed based on museum specimens and newly collected material. Four species, all endemic to Taiwan, are recognized, one of which is newly described here: O. alligator sp. nov. Remaining species are diagnosed, compared with similar relatives from outside of Taiwan, and their distribution is mapped. We show that Taiwanese Oxyomus species form three distinct morphological groups, similar to species from Japan, SE Asia and Malay Archipelago, respectively, indicating a possible composite origin of Taiwanese fauna. The species occur in submontane and montane forests at altitudes of 700-2550 m including the secondary Cryptomeria ones. Available data confirm their association with dung of various forest mammals (monkeys, muntjacs and serows), although the discovery of larvae in sifted forest leaf litter may indicate they can also develop in nutrient-rich substrate around the dung. The larva of O. alligator sp. nov. is described in detail, based on the larval specimens associated with adults by DNA barcodes. Larvae of Oxyomus alligator sp. nov. are similar to those of the European O. sylvestris (Scopoli, 1763), with important differences only found on maxilla and abdominal apex.

Six new species of Horniella Raffray from the Oriental region (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae).

The Oriental pselaphine genus Horniella Raffray, 1905 currently contains 29 species. In this paper, six new species are described: H. nantouensis Zhang, Hu & Yin, sp. nov. and H. taiwanensis Zhang, Hu & Yin, sp. nov. from Taiwan, China; H. bifurca Zhang & Yin, sp. nov. and H. haucki Zhang & Yin, sp. nov. from Thailand; H. khasiensis Zhang & Yin, sp. nov. from northern India; and H. sabahensis Zhang & Yin, sp. nov. from eastern Malaysia. In addition, H. aculeata Yin & Li, 2015, originally described from Yunnan, China, is newly recorded from Thailand.

From taxonomy to ecology: Entomologists are essential in environmental science. Comment on Zhou et al. (2019).

The present paper commented on Zhou et al. (2019) published on Science of the Total Environment. The authors measured the Pb concentration and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of a few species of insects collected from Sichuan, China. However, based on the photos of the graphical abstract, we doubt the identification of the species. The biomass of the dung beetles was re-measured based on the specimens from Taiwan of the same species. The results are highly different than the authors, which positively affected the results and discussion. The experimental design should be based on actual food chains along with basal entomological knowledge. In conclusion, we recommend that studies on interactions between insects and the environment are conducted through collaboration with entomologists to ensure taxonomy and functional ecology are correctly identified.

The first record of the subfamily Dasycerinae in Taiwan, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).

Dasycerus poseidon Hu Liang, sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on fresh specimens from central and southern Taiwan, which filled in the disjunct distribution between the Japanese archipelago and south-eastern Asia. The new species represents the first record of the subfamily Dasycerinae in Taiwan. The barcoding sequence of the holotype of D. poseidon Hu Liang, sp. nov.is provided, and revealed a surprisingly large genetic distance within the genus. Detailed illustrations of D. poseidon Hu Liang, sp. nov. by scanning electron micrograph and micro-computed tomography are also provided. Living individuals of D. poseidon Hu Liang, sp. nov. were observed eating the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus in lab conditions, which represents the first direct evidence of mycophagous habits of Dasycerinae.

Variation in Fukienogomphus prometheus (Lieftinck, 1939) reveals Stylurus takashii (Asahina, 1966) as a junior synonym, with discussion on the status of F. choifongae Wilson amp; Tam, 2006 (Odonata: Gomphidae).

We investigate variation of body pattern in Fukienogomphus prometheus (Lieftinck, 1939) and notice the similarity of its female to Stylurus takashii (Asahina, 1966), an enigmatic species whose male is still unknown. We then review the taxonomic history of S. takashii and compare its holotype female with the female F. prometheus. Our results show S. takashii is a junior synonym to F. prometheus. We elucidate the intraspecific variation of F. prometheus and provide information for its ecology and distribution in Taiwan. We also discuss the similarities between the adults of Fukienogomphus choifongae Wilson Tam, 2006 and F. prometheus which in future studies may prove to be conspecific and will require to synonymise the two names. Finally, we confirm the genus Stylurus Needham, 1897 is not distributed in Taiwan.

New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini).

Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. is described as new. A lectotype is designated for Staphylinus (Xanthocypus) miwai Bernhauer, 1943 and Thoracostrongylus miyakei Bernhauer, 1943. Ocypus (Ocypus) miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) is transferred from Ocypus Leach, 1819 to Sphaerobulbus Smetana, 2003 and the species is re-described based on types and modern specimens. A female description of Apecholinus imitator Smetana Hu, 2019 is provided. Creophilus flavipennis Hope, 1831, Nelmanwaslus ornatus Smetana, 2006, Ontholestes oculatus (Sharp, 1874) and Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005 are reported for the first time from Taiwan. Ontholestes oculatus is re-described based on Taiwanese material, representing the first record of the genus Ontholestes Ganglbauer, 1895 in Taiwan. Platydracus juang is considered to be a termitophilous species, associated with Reticulitermes leptomandibularis (Hsia Fan, 1965), which would represent the first report of termitophily in the subtribe Staphylinina. Additional records of C. maxillosus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agelosus auricomus Smetana Hu, 2019, Apecholinus fraternus Fairmaire, 1891, Miobdelus taiwanensis taiwanensis Smetana, 2001, Naddia taiwanensis Shibata, 1979 and Thoracostrongylus formosanus Shibata, 1982 are provided. Habitus photos of the above species and Dinothenarus choui Smetana, 1992 are also provided. A preliminary checklist of Staphylinina in Taiwan is proposed.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Quwatanabius in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).

The description of the male of the species Quwatanabius chiaw (Smetana, 1995) is provided for the first time, including a habitus photo and illustrations of the aedeagus. A brief discussion of the endemic status of Q. chiaw on the island of Taiwan, as well as additional Taiwanese material of the wide-spread Q. flavicornis (Sharp, 1889) are also provided.

The genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina).

The genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 from Taiwan are treated. Agelosus auricomus sp. nov., the only representative of the genus in Taiwan, is described as new. Two species, Apecholinus imitator sp. nov. and Apecholinus canifer sp. nov., are described as new and the presence of Apecholinus fraternus (Fairmaire, 1891) in Taiwan is confirmed by additional records. A key to genera and species is presented.